Sigmund Freud was born 1856 at Freiberg in Moravia, and grew up in Vienna. He studied medicine, graduating in 1881, and became a clinical neurologist. Three years later Freud was introduced, through a Viennese physician. Dr. Breuer, to a startling discovery—the use of hypnosis as a cure for symptoms of hysteria. In 1885 Freud went to Paris to study under the great neurologist, Charcot, who encouraged him to study hysteria from a psychological point of view. With Breuer, he continued these studies, publishing, in 1895, Studien uber Hysterie.  Soon afterwards Freud replaced hypnotism with free association as a method of reviving buried memories—a step which led him to the discoveries on which modern psychology is founded, while providing the basis for psychoanalytic technique. Until 1906, Freud worked alone, in an atmosphere of great hostility in the medical profession.  Later he was joined by Adler, Brill, Ferenczi, Jung, and others, who met in 1908 at the first International Congress of Psycho-Analysis. Throughout his life, Freud continued to practice, to teach, to study, constantly revising and expanding various aspects of his work.  In 1938, after Germany's occupation of Austria, he moved to London, where he died the following year.